Wednesday, September 16, 2015

What is 89c51 Microcontroller



The 89C51 Microcontroller:-


The 89c51 is best microcontroller for beginners it is a low power and high performance 8-bit microcontroller.The 89c51 have 4K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) .The 89c51 is belong to Atmel's 8051 family but 89c51 is advanced form of 8051 .

Features of 89C51 Microcontroller :-

  • 4K bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash memory
  • Fully static Operation : 0Hz to 24MHz
  • 128 x 8-bit internal RAM 
  • 32 programmable I/O Pins 
  • Two 16-bit Times/Counters ( Timer 0 ,Timer 1 )
  • One programmable Serial port 
  • Six interrupt sources 
  • Operating  voltage = 5V                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

Pin configuration of 89C51 Microcontroller :-  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                


The above figure shows the Pin configration of 89c51 Microcontroller , As shown from figure the 89c51 Microcontroller contains Four I/O ports three ports are multi function ports ( Port0 , Port1 and Port 3 ) but Port 1 is single function port .All Ports are 8-bit ports and upon rest all ports are consider as input . 

PORT 0 : 

The Port 0 can be used as input or output , the Port 0 is open drain port due this face each pin must be connected to 10K ohm pull up resistor . The Port 0 dual functional (AD0-AD7) Port mean when we connect the 89c51 Microcontroller  to an external memory the Port 0 provides both address and Data .







PORT 1 :

The Port 1  can be used as input or output , this Port can not need any pull up resistors it had already pull up resistors internally .Port 1 is single functional Port . 

PORT 2 :

The Port 2 can be used as input or output , just like Port 1 , Port 2 can not need any pull up resistors it had already pull up resistors internally . Port 2 is dual functional (A8-A15) Port , mean it provides upper 8-bit address to external memory (upper byte) .In simple words Port 0 and Port 2 provides the 16-bit address to external memory , when external memory is present . 

PORT 3 :

Port 3 is very important port just like other three ports the Port 2 can be used as input or output and also no need any pull up resistor . Port 3 is also a Dual functional any very important functions Port .



  


Reset Pin :

The Reset Pin is active high pin , we will use two circuits for system reset one is manual reset and other is power on reset .

1: Manual Reset 








2 :  Power On Reset


Crystal Oscillator :

To make the 89C51 Microcontroller functional we need to connect the  Crystal oscillator to pin 18 and 19 . Most commonly used crystal oscillators are 12 MHz and 11.0592 MHz .

VCC and GND :

The pin 40 is the VCC ( need to connect with +5V ) and pin 20 is Ground pin ( need to connect with 0V or negative terminal of battery or charger) .

EA/VPP , ALE/Prog and PSEN :

Pin 31 , EA ( External Access Enable ) this pin is normally connected to Vcc but when we connect this pin to GND the Microcontroller execute External ROM program(code).
VPP( Programming enable Voltage ) is normally connected to +5V .

Pin 30 ALE (Address Latch Enable ) is used for demultiplexing the address and data bus ALE pin is used when external memory is connected .

Pin 29 PSEN ( Program store Enable ) this pin provides an output signal  that enables external program code( memory ) , this Pin is used when external memory is connected . 



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